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          Shan National Day Shan National Day Dear Shans, Today, on the 7th, of February we have again arrived at the anniversary of our Shan National Day. A National Day should be a day of joy, a day of celebration and a day of unity but unfortunately its significance has become meaningless and empty. The peoples in the Shan State have become divided, confused and don’t know which way to turn and our mother land is being occupied by a dictatorial group of terrorist who elected themselves as a government. I ask myself why the Shans have let themselves into such a situation of dire political, human rights and economic situation for the last fifty years when they had once achieved greatness, freedom and peace. Then I began to look back at our history with the hope that I can draw some conclusions and perhaps we, Shans can learn a few lessons and never let such a situation to occur again. Past history tells us that whenever the Shans became involved with Nationalistic Burmese kings or politicians there were always disaster and calamity. It started when in the late 15th Century when Tai society in the Upper Irrawaddy valley was rapidly breaking up into small units. The successors of the Shan Brothers and their desc 借貸endents adopted the culture and society of the people they ruled and had become more and more Burmanised by inter-marrying with the old royal house of Pagan. They also adopted Burmese scripts and appointed Burmese Officers in their administration. They gradually became isolated from their kinsmen on the Shan Plateau. In 1554 Bayinnaung set out against the Shan Sao Hpas, who occupied the ancient capital of Burma, Ava. He captured it the following year. The Shans were placed under Burma suzerainty, and Bayinnaung was consequently in a position to attack his most powerful enemy, Siam. He unified his country and conquered the Shan States on the plateau and Siam (now Thailand), making Burmar the most powerful kingdom in mainland of Southeast Asia.Bayinnaung was determined to wipe out the feudal power of the rulers of the Shan mongs which had dominated several parts of Burma since the fall of Pagan in 1287, and later the Kingdom of Ava. He took his revenge until it was impossible for the Shan to recover from their fall in Lower Burma, and later in the Shan States on the plateau.By this period the Burman Politicians had laid down the foundation of their 西服political ideology to conquer neighbouring countries by any means, which had been passed down from one generation after generation until today. The Shans on the other hand had become weak and tired, lost their drive to fight and opted out for a peaceful living. Some Shan Sao Hpas on the Shan Plateau also became mixed up in the Burman game of politics; the Shan states were used as a bargaining chip by the Chinese or the Burmans in their many wars. Although the Shan Sao Hpas retained their autonomy the Kings tried to interfere in every aspect of their and their citizens’ lives. In 1782 – 1819 some monks in the Shan States adopted the Yuen Sect of Buddhism and were teaching it in their monasteries, but Bodawpaya sent his men to enforce his own belief on the monks and citizens of the Shan State. They sought out and threatened Shan Monks, like in the case of Sao Garng Hser, a Shan monk w ho was a staunch believer in the Yuen Sect to adopt the Thudhamma sect of Buddhism. Sao Garng Hser had to flee from his home town of Weing Lao. They still didn’t leave him alone; they harassed him until he had to disrobe.Mrs. Lesley Milne in her book “Shan at Home”, wrote that in 21世紀房屋仲介 the late eighteenth century when the Shan States were vassals to the Burmese Kings the Burman officials tyrannised the Shans. The Shan State was reduced to chaos and destruction due to oppression and misrule. Robbers and bandits infested the Tai country. The final blow came when the three wars took place between Burma and Britain. The Sao Hpas were forced by the Burman officials to supply men to fight with them against the British. Just before Britain annexed the Shan States, most of the Sao Hpas were already beginning to rebel against the Burman rule because of the above reasons. Some of the Sao Hpas joined the Limbin Confederacy and resisted the British but the majority regarded the arrival of the British as a blessing. In 1886 the Shan States became an autonomous country under the protection of Great Britain. The British enforced law and order, creating peace and harmony amongst all the Sao Hpas especially after the formation of the Federated Shan States in 1922; and amongst all groups of the population in the Shan State. The Shans lead a simple way of life but they were happy and contented with what they had. They enjoyed basic human rights, especially freedom from fear. 襯衫 At the end of the Japanese Occupation in 1945 many Sao Hpas had to flee from their own mongs and evacuated to Bhamo. When they returned home, before they had time to recover from their ordeal they found that trouble was brewing in the Shan States. After World War II while the Burmans were planning for political movements and independence the Shan Sao Hpas were unprepared for the change that was to come. Burmese politics had penetrated into big towns like Taunggyi and Lashio through a handful of Shan political activists. They were influenced by the Burmese AFPFL, and they formed the SPFL, with a policy to drive the British out and dismantle the Sao Hpa’s administration without having forethoughts on what the consequences would be.In 1947, the Sao Hpas yielded to the pressure of the SPFL and Bo Gyoke Aung San, and they signed the Panglong Agreement, with a vision that perhaps the Shan State was due for a change. It was a change, but not for a better but a diabolical condition for Shan State. Again, the Shans had allowed the Burman politicians to influence their way of life and administration. Perhaps the Sao Hpa administration was unfair but it had been the Shan’s socio- political organisa 商務中心tion for centuries. The Sao Hpa themselves recognised that the Feudal System of Government had to in modern times give way to democracy. Hence, they signed the Panglong Agreement in 1947, and then handed over their power to the Shan Government in 1957-1958 without any fight. They would have been happier if they knew that they were handing it over to people with experience in governance and administration. The rural citizen had great regard and respect for the Sao Hpas and visa versa. When the Sao Hpas were put in prison the military regime the people especially those in rural areas were in great shock. There was a vast vacuum and emptiness. Instead of filling it with experienced administrators it was filled with soldiers in every town and village to carry out the military regime’s most atrocious human rights violations against the citizens, behind closed doors. This went on for decades and is continuing until today. We may regard the Panglong Agreement as a mistake, or feel great misgivings about it, but it is a legal agreement that we must keep alive. The Junta having refused to abide by the Panglong Agreement had therefore broken up the Union of Burma. If there is no Panglong Agreement then there is no Un 酒店兼職ion of Burma. The Panglong Agreement is the only legal tie between the different ethnic states in Burma. With the destruction of the Agreement and resultant destruction of the Union all the ethnic states that formed the union are reverted back to each of its previous status before the Agreement was signed; they are independent nations in their own right, but forcibly occupied by the aggressor. After the Opium War between China and Britain in 1841 China agreed to lease Hong Kong to Britain. In 1997 Britain honourably returned Hong Kong to China. The agreement was valid even after a hundred or more years of signing. This was an agreement honoured by two civilised countries. We cannot go back but past mistakes should be taken as a lesson to us all. We should be prepared and be wise when dealing with chauvinistic politicians and dictatorial rulers especially in times of election, when casting votes or signing any form of documents. This brings me to the 2010 election planned by the junta. The Constitution drafted by the junta and the election to be held in 2010 do not provide a promising change for the peoples of Burma and I can foresee that there will be more suppression, and pressure put on non-Burman ethnic nationalities 借貸to abandon their literature, language, culture and religion; the Generals are obsessed with bullying people to conform to their own image. If we love our mother country and have enough compassion for our people we should not be defeatists. We must fight for our rights:1. freedom from the domination of the tyrannical, dictatorial regime so that all citizens can enjoy basic human rights 2. Can be able to return to our ancestral land and claim our citizenship3. have the right to determine the future of own country4. be able to democratically elect members of government, who would be fair, just and work for the benefit of the people . 5. be able to work with the government for the common good of all the citizens regardless of colour, race, religion or culture 6. Be able to live in peace and harmony with each other, thereby achieving contentment happiness and satisfaction in life. We can no longer be indifferent and say, “there is nothing we can do” or “it is politics” and leave it for others to do it for us. Please do not allow fear to restrict your freedom to reason and to act. The Generals have planted fear in the minds of all their opponents; and they being the biggest 土地買賣bully of all bullies will continue to bully their victims until the victims can show that they are not afraid of them. The Wa –s seem to be strongly resisting the demand of the Junta and holding their ground. Good for them!Having identified our common goal, we can come together to strengthen our voice and actions. If we are determined and passionate enough we can do it. Let’s give each other hopes, encouragement, support and appreciation I congratulate RCSS for initiating the idea of and successfully forming “The interim Executive Committee for Shan State Congress with an objective of working together for the common good of all citizens of the Shan State. It is also pleasing to know of the establishment of Shan State Coordinating Committee (SSCC). As it name indicates I hope it will not only co-ordinate between big players but also smaller Shans Organisations and individuals through out the world.Unity can only be formed if we can communicate regularly and openly. We must have discussion and exchange ideas; we must be free to give and accept other people’s opinion. By examining the for and against of all opinions we can then decide which opinion is right, and should not let false pride come in the way of changing our own for a better one.. No human 長灘島beings are perfect and we learn by experience and from others to better ourselves. By understanding each other’s feelings we can together create a strong civic society to fight for all our rights. In this modern, civilized era, the free will of citizens to fight for a sensible common cause can make the impossible become possible. We need a strong army too. Our army is well trained but to become stronger all the armies in the Shan State, ceased- fire groups as well as resisting armies must come together under the same roof and undertake their duty to defend and protect the citizens of the Shan State against enemies. They must learn to work together in harmony, as well as with other ethnic armies. A united army is stronger than various small ones scattered all over the place. A strong civic society together with a strong army will give us strength to fight for all our rights. May we all be successful in playing our small part, no matter how small? Every little bit helps. Myy Soong Mong Tai S. N. OoThe author is from the former illustrious State of Lawkzawk in the Federated Shan States, as today's Shan State of Burma was known until 1948. Opinions expressed here are those of the author – Editor http://www.shanland.org/Mailbox/2009/shan-national-day-messag 買房子e  .

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          全球人才不相信眼淚 全球人才不相信眼淚 撰文 亞洲週刊主編 邱立本DWNEWS.COM-- 2007年3月22日23:14:17(京港臺時間) --多維新聞網 面對逆境﹐全球人才不相信眼淚。他們在流動中創造命運的傳奇﹐也創造很多 酒店工作國家的傳奇。 世界是平的﹐人才的流動也是平的。在全球化的年代﹐多元化的人才以多元化的方式流動﹐融化了傳統的疆界﹐也創造了一個新的格局﹕ 酒店工作只要有才能﹐就可以縱橫四海﹔此處不留爺﹐自有留爺處。 這也造成全球人力資源板塊的移動。人望高處﹐水往低流。但高處不僅是錢﹐也是要看整個社會的氛圍﹐是否 澎湖民宿能讓人才發揮最大的想像力與創造力。 美國就因此一度成為吸納人才的最大磁石﹐也奠下美國強大的基礎。二十世紀三十年代歐洲的排斥猶太人運動如火如荼﹐在納粹黨掌權時達到最高峰 褐藻醣膠﹐也因此使德國的猶太精英紛紛移居美國。從愛因斯坦到基辛格﹐都在美國的新天地中嶄露頭角﹐也改變了美國命運的軌跡。 美國的開放及超越種族﹑宗教的人才政策﹐造就了強國的體質﹐因而“大國崛起 房屋貸款”的要件﹐就是要靠開放人才的網絡﹐海納百川﹐不拘一格用人才。 新加坡作為城市國家﹐了解“小國崛起”更需要凝聚全球最優秀的人才﹐讓那些新移民找到可以施展才智的舞臺﹐參與創作新加坡國家發展的新劇本。 澎湖民宿 新劇本其實充滿戲劇的張力。缺乏天然資源的島國﹐其實就是靠不斷的創新﹐打破舊有的典范﹐開拓更多的“附加值”。新加坡的人均GDP在亞洲位居前列﹐就是由于具有前瞻性﹐敢為天下先﹐也敢于吸取周邊地區的人力資源。僅僅幾年之前﹐港 酒肉朋友府一度不准香港的中國大陸留學生在獲得碩士及博士學位之後留在香港工作﹐而必須返回內地再申請﹐要克服官僚的重重關卡。但新加坡當局卻在此刻張開懷抱歡迎﹐造成香港納稅人巨資訓練的中國專才卻為新加坡效力的怪現象。 同樣的﹐大馬不少華 土地買賣人也發現﹐他們在法律的重重限制下﹐被剝奪發展的權利﹐面對“有些人比另一些人更平等”的局面。他們也就毅然走向新加坡或其他的國家﹐尋找另一個舞臺和另一個劇本﹐要演出生命的另一種可能。其實全球人才移動的洪流﹐背後就是一種“不信邪”的精神力量。他們也許不是愛因 591斯坦或基辛格﹐但在艱困及逆境中﹐他們都不相信眼淚。在異鄉中﹐不管自己有沒有高學歷﹐不管是否低工資﹐他們就憑雙手與一顆熾熱的心﹐創造自己命運的傳奇﹐也創造很多國家的傳奇。 hinhttp://www5.chinesenewsnet.com/MainNews/Opinion/2007_3_22_11_14_17_583.htmlese 房地產newsnet  .

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          中評社台北論壇:台日關係需新思維 中評社台北9月22日電(記者 鄒巧韻)中國評論通訊社、《中國評論》月刊邀請專家學者,20日上午在中評社台北會議室舉辦閉門論壇,探討日本民主黨大勝、鳩山由紀夫上台對台日關係的影響。     與會者普遍認為,日本外交雖主張親美友?辦公室出租丑A但鳩山內閣施政重點仍在內政民生,對台日關係影響有限。而這次議會選舉民主黨獲壓倒性勝利,打破長久以來的 政治圖貌,台灣雖然流失大半的“日華議員懇談會”盟友,但不啻是個轉變契機;應捨棄過去兩岸對抗心態,在 關鍵字排名新東亞戰略情勢上,建立台日新關係。   論壇由台灣戰略學會秘書長王崑義主持;評論員有台灣東北亞學會副秘書長李明峻,輔仁大學日文系教授何思慎,淡江大學亞洲研究所所長胡慶山,前台灣駐日副代表、前亞東關係協會會長陳鴻基,政治大 禮服學國際關係研究中心亞太所所長蔡增家。   王崑義開場表示,鳩山內閣上台後,外界關注的是日本是否會脫美入亞,在外交上東亞的平衡政策的影響。這不只攸關台日與兩岸關係的變化,甚至台美關係也會受到相當大的衝擊。    陳鴻基表示,日首相鳩山由紀?租屋狺W台,對台日關係影響不大。但這次國會議員選舉結果大洗牌,“日華議員懇談會”成員流失近2/3,未來台日關係更要以長遠 角度經營,並揚棄過去親中與親台對峙心態,多方接觸了解台日、中日關係;不論兩岸關係如何發展,台灣都需要盟友,台灣方面應主動接洽,紮實台日?酒店經紀〞疑鰜Y。   胡慶山認為,鳩山路線中間偏左,重視歷史,又主張東亞經濟共同體,中日前景看好,但有沖鳥礁經濟海域、東海油田等隱憂,為中日關係新增變數。台日關係一向從民間交往入手,由下而上;除了在眾議院裡認識更多新人,也可仿效日韓成立議員聯盟,建立良好關係。    蔡增家 酒店工作也表示,民主黨是個年輕的政黨,鳩山上台之後,內部經濟福利才是其政治主軸,台日關係短期內不會有太大變化。“日華議員懇談會”仍是重要溝通交流 渠道,台灣方面要積極與民主黨新議員建立關係、了解想法,擴充“日華懇談會”陣營;而漁權問題則是很好的觀察點,民主黨上台後,是否願意建立制度化解決方 小額信貸 式,值得關注。   何思慎強調,台日關係須從中、美、日、台四邊關係做整體觀照。民主黨 執政,外相岡田克也雖與中國交好,但台日關係不盡然必定疏遠;除了建立國會管道,台灣仍有機會與岡田扶助弱小、友愛外交的觀念,發展台日新價值。未來民主 黨新政權對台海安全問題的看法、對馬英九大陸政策的認識,仍需密切觀察。 小型辦公室   李明峻指 出,亞洲目前步入“後冷戰”時期,意識形態的主張開始不討好;而金融風暴後,歐美在東亞實力萎縮,亞洲人在亞洲事務上自主性開始提高。現階段亞洲從一極強 權轉變為多極,無法趕走美國勢力,但中國也無法立刻成為霸主,日、韓、俄、澳、紐都有一定實力;亞洲地區開始有19世紀的歐洲雛形,區域性國際組織會慢慢 形成。而東亞?好房網蓿晡甄鉣隉A台日關係應以新思維因應未來動向。   中評社副總編輯兼《中國評論》月刊副總編輯羅祥喜等亦參加論壇。    論壇在中評社台北會議室舉行。論壇整理稿全文將在《中國評論》月刊和中國評論新聞網刊發。 .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 信用貸款  .

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          戰略研究與國家型態 戰略研究與國家型態 Strategic Studies and National Style 前言 Forwords 在經過漫長的一段忽視期後,戰略學界中有關「國家型態」的研究終於在後冷戰時期又重新獲得了重視。這樣的轉變不僅是因為杭亭頓(Samuel Huntingtion)「文明衝突論」的啟發,最主要還是由於外在因素的改變所致:蘇聯解體後,兩極國際體系不再,國家認同與種族衝突使得「國家型態」在戰略研究中更形重要。[1] After years of ignorance, the study of national style has advanced to the forefront of the recent strategic agenda in the post-Cold War period. This shift in attention, notably inspired by Samuel Huntington’s Clashes of Civilisation theory, is partially a reaction to the change of external world; the collapse of the Soviet Union and a rigidly bipolar international system and the resurgence of national identities and ethnic conflicts. 和以往兩極對峙時期不同,許多戰略學者認為過去學界所普遍使用的「理性選擇模式」與「形式化模型驗證」,對於日趨多元的戰略現象已缺乏足夠的解釋力。當在後冷戰時期有越來越多的戰爭由於宗教、文化以及種族等因素而爆發時,所謂普遍國際或文化性質的研究方式,也不再被認為可以適當地解決戰略上的新議題。[2] 新問題在舊方式難以解決的情況下,一些戰略學者與政治學者又開始使用「國家型態」的研究方式,來進行新世紀中有關和平與戰爭問題的分析。 Unlike days of bipolar confrontation, many strategists were growing dissatisfied with the relative incompetence of rational choice theories or formal modeling to account adequately for a wide range of new strategic phenomena. When in the post-Cold War there are more and more wars breaking out of religious, cultural and ethnical reasons, generalising phenomena to cross-national and cross-cultural regularities is no longer taken as a persuasive approach to solve strategic problems. The cohabitation of new questions and unsatisfactory old answers has led many strategists and political scientists, to much more seriously consider national style as a research approach to analyse and understand war and peace in this world than before. 即使學界對於「國家型態」的興趣日增,但是該類研究方式仍然在戰略學界內受到不少質疑。這主要是從事「國家型態」研究的學者在一些基本議題,如詞彙及方法論上並未加以釐清所致。此外,「國家型態」研究者還常會在無意間陷入一些謬誤。其結果不僅造成了「國家型態」在戰略研究上缺乏顯著及系統化的知識累積,更難以談到所謂知識的「進化」了。[3] 在本文當中,作者將檢視在戰略研究中,有關「國家型態」的研究方式以及其缺點,同時也對該方法在戰略學上的運用加以評估。 Despite the rise in interest, however, national style approach still meets with scepticism from various sources inside and outside the strategic circles. This is mostly because scholars working on national style have not sufficiently engaged each other over basic issues such as terminology and methodology, and in addition have unintentionally entrapped into some fallacies. As a result, there has not yet been a remarkable and systematic accumulation, nor an evolution of knowl 開幕活動edge for national style approach in strategic studies. In this paper, I will re-examine the nature of national style approach (including its weakness) which reflects the strategic culture of different countries, and try to offer effective arguments on how useful the idea of national style is in strategic studies. 「國家型態」是否可用戰略研究當中? National Style for Strategic Studies? 由戰略學的角度來看,國家是否展現出明顯的「國家型態」?在試著回答這個問題之前,有必要先來談談「國家型態」的本質。在這方面,布思(Ken Booth)或許提供了最為詳細的闡述。在其著作《戰略與種族中心主義》(Strategy and Ethnocentrism)當中,布思認為,「國家型態」指的是一國的傳統、價值、態度、行為類型、習慣、表徵、成就、特殊的適應環境方式,以及對於威脅與武力使用的解決之道。[4] 另外一位「國家型態」研究者江憶恩(Alastair Iain Johnston)則認為,「國家型態」是一套具有整合性的表徵系統,其中包括具有因果性的公設、語言、類比以及隱喻等等。藉由闡明國際政治事務當中,角色的概念與軍事武力的效力,該系統可以建立出具說服性與持久性的戰略優先順序。[5] Do security communities have distinctive national style in strategy? Before moving to the question raised, it is helpful to first discuss the nature of national style itself. Ken Booth perhaps provides the most detailed definition of the concept of national style. Emphasising in his Strategy and Ethnocentrism, he noted that national style refers to a nation’s traditions, values, attitudes, patterns of behavior, habits, symbols, achievements and particular ways of adapting to the environment and solving problems with respect to the threat or use of force. Another national style investigator, Alastair Iain Johnston believes that national style is an integrated system of symbols, i.e., causal axioms, languages, analogies, metaphors, etc., that act to establish pervasive and long-standing strategic preferences by formulating concepts of roles and efficacy of military force in interstate political affairs. 換言之,「國家型態」是一國對於戰爭與和平議題上,持續進行制度化的一套行為模式。這乃由一國之歷史、地理,以及政治文化等因素發展而來,並代表了其態度與行為模式的總合,並可藉之與其他群體做區分。也由於「國家型態」是直接來自一國的戰略文化,因此吾人可以藉由觀察一國的外在與內在影響變因,以及相關歷史事件來了解其國家戰略。換言之,「國家型態」提供了一獨特的框架,不僅可以影響到分析架構,也會影響到戰略學者所提出之戰略選項。[6] 此外,由於「國家型態」包涵了戰略環境秩序的基本假設、國家決策者對於國際衝突與其解決之道的看法,特別是在武力的使用上,因此用「國家型態」的研究方法來區分不同國家戰略便十分重要。 In other words, national styles, as a set of patterns of and for a nation’s behavior on issues of war and peace that are institutionalised, persist over time, are derived from a nation’s history, geography, and political culture, and represent the aggregate of attitudes and patterns of behavior and differentiate seo them from other groups. Since national style is a direct descendent of culture and that one can gain insight into strategy by understanding the nature of internal and external influences on national security and the historical precedents shaping policy, it provides a distinctive framework which significantly influences the analytical context and strategic options provided by national strategists. In addition, because national style includes basic assumptions about the orderliness of the strategic environment and the state decision-makers’ understanding of the international conflicts and their resolving methods, especially the understanding concerning use of force, the analysis of national style accordingly would be required to focus on the differentiation of each country’s national strategy. 雖然不同國家均有其獨特的「國家型態」存在,但要將「國家型態」做為一種分析方法可能是極為複雜的。正如同葛雷(Colin Gray)所說,要了解戰略,除了要考量國家的特殊歷史經驗,以及基於「國家型態」所做的闡述外,別無他法。[7] 有鑒於此,除了要在智識上嘗試做詳細而多重的努力,並需避免因簡化或一般化論證所造成的謬誤之外,根據柏格(Thomas Berger)的說法,「國家型態」的研究至少需要包涵三種重要的實證任務。首先,吾人必須要檢視原本就已存在的文化因素。這些文化因素將定義一國對於軍事、國家安全以及武力使用的看法。研究者對於國內各團體對這些事件的不同看法亦須特別注意。其次,政治的過程需要加以檢視。因為此過程不僅影響到一國實際國家安全政策之制定,也關係到某些政治決策之合法化。在這樣的架構下,適切定義在某特定時間中「政治-軍事文化」以及「國家安全政策」的本質就十分重要。第三,分析「政治-軍事文化」與「國家安全政策」的演進有其必要性,尤其是要觀察此兩者如何在歷史事件的影響下所做的演變。[8] Although there is no doubt that distinctive national styles do exist among different countries, the examination of national style of a particular nation as a security community for its strategy is arduously complicated. As Colin Gray argued, to understand strategy, there is no alternative but to take seriously the historical experiences of particular nation and the interpretation national style places on those experiences. For doing so, except for those detailed, multilayered intellectual efforts, the analysis of national style involves three central empirical tasks, according to Thomas Berger, if the fallacy of simplisation and generalisation in strategic studies is to be avoided. First, it is necessary to investigate the original set of cultural elements that define how a given country views the military, national security, and the use of force, paying careful attention to the interpretation of these events among different groups in the state. Second, one needs to examine the political process through which actual security policy has been made and how particular decisions have subsequently been legitimated. In this context, it is important to properly define the essential features of both the politi 賣房子cal-military culture and the security policy associated with it at a particular point of time. Third, it is necessary to analyse the evolution of both the political-military context and security policies over time, monitoring how they evolve in response to historical events. 國家型態分析方法的有效性 How useful is national style approach? 要承認不同國家各有其獨特的「國家型態」或許並不困難,但卻不是所有人都會肯定用「國家型態」的方式來做為分析國家戰略的有效性。舉例來說,對於馬克斯主義者以及其他唯物主義者來說,「國家型態」不過是一種外在現象。對於結構主義者來說,結構可以涵蓋各國不同的戰略行為模式。對於現實主義者來說,「國家型態」在各國之間未必會呈現出太大的不同。「國家型態」最多是關於能力之分配情形,沒有太大的解釋力。對於信奉理性選擇模式的學者來說,國家行為者對於「國家型態」的使用僅具有策略性。就和其他可用的資源一樣,「國家型態」不過是國家用來追求利益的工具,不需要特別加以思考。 To agree an argument that security communities have distinctive styles in their strategic performance may not encounter too much difficulty as previously discussed, but not everyone can entirely approve national style as a useful approach for analysing national strategy. For example, Marxists and other materialists see national style as primarily epiphenomenal. For structualists, structure can cover the differences in strategic behaviours across nations. For realists, the impact of national style may not vary much across large groups of states. National style is at best derivative of the distribution of capabilities and has no independent explanatory power. For rational choice scholars, actors deploy national style strategically, like other resources, simply to further their own self-interests without any other significant considerations. 基於這樣的輕視,這些學派刻意地在其研究當中,遺漏或忽略「國家型態」,並用頗為雷同的研究架構來分析不同國家的戰略問題。不過很不幸地,他們的研究對於許多後冷戰時期的現象仍缺乏解釋力。[9] 比方來說,或許是由於克勞塞維茨所留下的遺產之故,西方國家長久以來總是將軍事力量置於國家戰略以及國際關係的中心。而在其他軍力較弱的第三世界國家,軍力的運用卻往往會混合到其他文化、宗教或是個人的因素,但這些因素在西方國家卻不甚受到重視。職是之故,有越來越多學者決定放棄想要建立起所謂「典則」或是「大戰略」模式,而開始專注在文化層次上的分析。[10] 如此一來,若是沒有深入地進行有關「國家型態」的分析,戰略學者們或許就無法獲得合理的解釋。 Those schools intentionally unidentifying or ignoring national style in their research investigations, which obscured the nontrivial strategy between different countries within the same broad framework, however, were found lack of explanatory power for many strategic issues in the post cold war period. For example, the Western countries have long considered military power a centre of national strategy and international relations, perhaps as a byproduct of their Clauzwitzian heritage. For other third world cou 西服ntries with inferior military capacities, the concept and utility of military power are often mixed up with the integration of cultural, religious or personal influences, which Westerners could barely conceptualise. More and more scholars have thus abstained from paradigm researching or grand theory building, and concentrated on cultural-area level analyses. In that case, without in-depth consideration on national style, strategists can hardly find reasonable explanations. 當然了,「國家型態」的研究方法並非沒有缺點。即使有越來越多人認同這樣的分析方式,但其缺點仍然不可忽視。以下本文將分別討論「國家型態」研究的缺點以及改善方式,希望能讓此種分析方式更有利於戰略研究。 National style approach, however, is not without weakness, even with the growing recognition of its intellectual and practical contributions. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss the weakness and further refinement of national style approach so that hopefully it can be improved to be a more useful instrument for strategic studies. 「國家型態」研究的改善方式 Further Refinement of National Style Approach 科學方法 Scientific methods 所有可以被稱為「科學」的知識都與其研究方式與領域有關。事實上,任何做為一種對於系統化與價值中立知識的追求,都需要運用科學方法來處理研究資料,藉之提供概念化的模式以用來描述與解釋現象。[11] 也唯有這樣,我們才能獲得各種客觀的知識,戰略研究亦是如此。在戰略研究當中,所謂「科學方法」包括兩種含義:一方面來說,戰略研究的研究方法必須具有一致性;但這並不代表研究者必須固守著某一種研究方法而不知變通。[12] 事實上,沒有哪一種研究方式是可以永遠合用的。[13] 研究方法的合用與否必須因時因地制宜,而研究者也必須隨著不同的情況來做獨立的推論。[14] 在另一方面,研究者如要運用「國家型態」做為戰略研究的研究方式,則必須要能提供一套清晰而有效的論述,藉之表現出不同國家中的不同主張,也好讓其他研究者能對此論述加以驗證或反證。[15] All knowledge that fits under the heading of science is relative to the methods and fields of study from which it comes. In fact, as a systematic and neutral attempt to satisfy knowledge enquiries, scientific methods, which are instruments used to deal with research material, and to offer “modes of conceptualization for describing and explaining, may be the only possible way to gain objective knowledge of various subject matters, including strategic studies. Accordingly, there are two implications of scientific methods in strategic studies. On one hand, strategic methodology must be consistent, but there is no fixed approach that strategists have to choose and there is no theory that they need to accept as permanently true. The usefulness of methods must be discreetly judged case by case, and knowledge formed by each given case should be inferred independently. On the other hand, strategic methods on national style should be able to produce a clear and valid arrangement of propositions expressing various kinds of claims on individual 房地產 countries being studied so that they could be verified or falsified by other researchers. 為了要強化「國家型態」研究方法在戰略研究上的嚴謹性與可用性,以下有三個條件需要加以滿足: In order to strengthen the methodological vigour of national style approach in strategic studies, there are three requirements to follow: (1) 適當的研究技術  為了要拉近戰略理論與事實上的差距,使用適當的研究技術遂有其必要性。所謂的「適當的研究技術」主要包括了對於戰略現象做系統性、概念化陳述的相關作為。藉由有效且可靠的研究技術,研究者可以科學化地評估「國家型態」,也可以在很大程度上讓戰略研究成果不會僅僅只是主觀的臆測。[16] 此外,適當的研究技術也可以做為一項客觀工具或標準,用來促使「國家型態」在戰略研究中,能合於學術標準。[17] 經由詳加設計的研究技術,諸如統計、調查、田野實習、或是參與觀察法等,研究「國家型態」的戰略研究者或許會有更多自信對外宣稱,他們的研究具有足夠的科學性來提供適切的戰略選項。 (1) Proper techniques Attempts to close the disparity between strategic theory and reality must principally rely on the employment of proper research techniques, which include measurement and operation that could systematically conceptualise strategic phenomena. By means of proper techniques, which should be valid and reliable, one can assess national style scientifically and in a great degree free strategic studies from pure assumptions. Meanwhile, proper techniques could also serve as an objective checks and standards to assure adherence of national style approach in strategic studies to academic requirements. By well-designed techniques, for example, statistics, survey, fieldwork, participant observation, etc., strategists may have more confidence to say that their studies through national style approach are scientifically qualified to produce appropriate strategy. (2) 充分的資訊  研究所用的資訊在質與量上都必須要充分,如此不但能有助於系統性地研究不同國家的戰略,同時也能進行比較分析。換言之,所有有關「國家型態」的描述性與解釋性推論都必須要建立在充份資訊的獲得上。這些資訊不僅要精準、適當、且客觀,方能合乎科學方法與理論所需。這些資料若能更佳地說明各國的歧異點,則戰略研究者會更有把握能使用或接受其研究所產生的結論。[18] 也因此,戰略研究者所能接觸資訊的多寡,不但能顯現出其研究的可行性及可信度,在事實上也決定了其研究品質之良窳。 (2)Sufficient information Sufficient information in either quantitative or qualitative form can facilitate strategic studies on different nations being theoretically extracted and comparatively analysed. Every descriptive or explanatory inference on national style must assure the acquisition of sufficient information, which should be as precise, adequate, and unbiased as required by the methods or theories being used. The better information could logically lead to clarification of national differentiation, the more reasons that the strategist could use and accept the explanation and conclusion of his or her studies. Therefore, strategists’ accessibility to 景觀設計 information, which demonstrates how well their propositions can fit and work, crucially decides the quality of their researches. (3) 避免排他性  「國家型態」雖然有用且重要,但卻不應主觀地將其視為一種研究國家戰略的決定性及排他性研究方式。事實上,也沒有哪種研究方法可以單一地對戰略現象做出完整的解釋或解釋。「國家型態」只不過是研究國家戰略的工具之一。如果要獲得較深刻的了解的話,研究者也需要藉由對其他面相的檢視,來獲得多元且不同的觀點。不過很不幸地,當「國家型態」為戰略研究界所使用的時候,研究者們往往會忽略了「國家型態」與其他變因的關係。有些傳統的「國家型態」研究者甚至還會刻意地拒絕承認非歷史與非文化因素在戰略現象的重要性。為了避免這樣偏見的發生,研究者應盡可能將所有可能造成影響的變因納入考量,以強化研究的有效性。[19] 比方說,如果要能讓研究有足夠可信度的話,研究者必須謹慎地考量到「國家型態」的概念與其他的分析方式,如組織結構、理性分析、角色、或是國際體系等要素之間的關係。 (3) Non-exclusiveness National style itself, though useful and important, should not be judgmentally considered as a deterministic and exclusive analysis for national strategy since there is no single approach that could provide complete descriptions or full explanations on strategic phenomenon. National style approach is simply a tool that may be of assistance in analysing national strategy, which still essentially requires other examinations from multiple, diverse perspectives if one hopes to achieve a deeper understanding. Unfortunately, when national style is to be discussed in the strategic context, most studies have seldom gone far enough to detect a correlation between national style and other influential factors or deduce a theoretical linkage between them. Some of traditional national style researchers are even inappropriately inclined to reject ahostorical or non-cultural factors found in strategic phenomena. To avoid this, strategists should accommodate as many variables as possible to strengthen the validity of their researches, and require prudent use of the concept of national style in conjunction with other means of analysis, such as organisational, rational, role or international system analysis if this approach is to remain viable and credible. 「國家型態」的演變性 Evolution of national style 即使科學方法能讓戰略研究者們有較為科學的方式來觀察「國家型態」,吾人仍必須要了解到:「國家型態」並不是一個固定的現象。沒有考慮到「國家型態」的演變性,是沒有辦法獲得好的戰略的。的確,「國家型態」的演變十分緩慢,甚至比其他影響戰略的變因都來得慢得多。但如果從一個較長期的角度來觀察,「國家型態」的演變性仍十分明顯。美國從孤立主義到干涉主義間的變化就是一個好例子。因此,戰略研究者不能拘泥在過去所獲得的結論上,在研究現在的「國家型態」時也必須要保持相當的彈性。對於不同的歷史時段,研究者必須要有不同的分析,才能避免在推論上產生一般化的問題,也才能在戰略研究上產生累積性的知識。此外,如果以往的結論不能經得起時間的檢驗的話,這樣的結論就應該加以拋棄,或是就把它當做是歷史的一部份來看待。對「國家型態」死守著 東森房屋某一項特定的理論、應用模式,或是工具,並不能使其成為戰略研究的有效工具。更詳細來說,在談到「國家型態」的演變性時,研究者要避免以下三種謬誤: Even though scientific methods enable strategists to observe national style in a scientific fashion, one shall be at the same time aware that national style is by no means a permanent phenomenon, and good strategy cannot be obtained without recognising the evolution of national style. It is true that national style changes slowly, sometimes even lagging behind the changes of other variables in strategy. But from a long term perspective, the logic of dynamic evolution of national style in strategic studies is undoubtedly quite explicit. The style fluctuation between isolationism and interventionism of the American governments would be a good example. As such, strategists should not always follow previous conclusions, but undertake studies in current settings in a flexible way. Different historical periods need to be given specific discretion of assessment in order to avoid general problems existing in the deductive methods and to produce a cumulative body of knowledge of strategy. Meanwhile, if a causal inference can no longer endure testing over time, it should be simply discarded or withdrawn as a part of history. Adherence to a certain theory, application or instrumentation on national style is by no means an effective approach to strategic investigation. The evolutionary essence of national style lies in the denial of three following fallacies. (1) 單一論的謬誤 「國家型態」是一個極為複雜的現象,涵括了許多不同的歷史、文化、以及社會的因素,同時也極具變化性。因此,研究者很難用一套固定模式去探討「國家型態」內變因的互動。事實上,對於某一國家重要或有用的,不見得就適用在其他國家的例子上。因此,戰略研究者必須小心不要落入單一論的陷阱,而對於某些因素不當地強調或誇大。 (1)Fallacy of monism National style is a complicated combination of various historical, cultural and societal factors which are dynamic by nature. There is no fixed pattern to discuss how factors interact within national style itself. What is important or useful to one country is not necessarily to the others. Strategists should carefully avoid falling into the pitfall of monism by which certain factors or patterns are unduly emphasised or exaggerated. (2) 恆久性的謬誤 「國家型態」在戰略研究的理論與實踐,並非像數學或物理公式那樣,可以精準地以機械方式加以運用。事實上,用「國家型態」的研究方式來對某國家做檢驗時,某特定結論不應具有恆久性。在本質上,所有有關「國家型態」的論述都應只視為暫時性。在某特定時空條件下,研究者仍隨時要注意新證據的產生,以在必要時能對其研究成果做適當的修正。此外,如果運用「國家型態」的研究方式仍不能解決某一特定戰略問題的話,研究者也應承認該種研究方式的缺點,並暫時放棄以此做為解決問題的方式。畢竟,「國家型態」並不是所有戰略問題的萬靈丹。 (2)Fallacy of permanence National style in strategic theories and operations is not like a precise formula in mathematics or 訂做禮服 physics to be applied mechanically. There is no permanent applicability of one conclusion existing by certain national style investigation. All claims on national style should be tentative in essence, and subject to revision on the basis of new evidence in a given environment. Additionally, if a strategic question cannot be answered by national style approach in some cases, one must simply admit the shortfall of such investigation and be prepared to leave it unanswered for the time being. National style approach is not a panacea to all strategic issues. (3) 典則的謬誤  正如同其他社會科學中有關文化的研究一般,「國家型態」的研究方式在戰略研究中也要確認出國家的獨特性。然而,研究者在這樣的過程中卻不應推論出甲國比乙國「優秀」或是「更進步」之類的結論。特別是當西方戰略學已經成為戰略研究界一個重要的研究指標時,研究者要了解到這並不代表西方戰略較諸其他戰略更為優良,或是其他國家必須要加以仿傚。[20] 在此同時,戰略研究者也必須認知到,每個研究案例應該都具有其獨立性,不應預先存有某種「一般性概念」,來當做分析的架構。因為平心而論,沒有一種「國家型態」可以被當做是戰略研究的「典則」或「大戰略理論」。研究者不應僅靠自己本身的價值觀或信念,就任意地對某一國家妄下一般性定論。研究者越想從某一特定環境中獲取一般性的結論,其研究可能就越缺乏可信度及確實性。[21] (3) Fallacy of paradigm As other cultural studies in social sciences, strategic research by national style approach is useful to identify national individuality, but is not leading to a conclusion that any given style is “better” or “more progressive” than others. For instance, when Western strategy becomes a popular form of analysis within the strategic circle, it is not to say that such strategic application originated from Western style is superior and should be copied by other countries. Those who are doing strategic studies through national style approach should always bear in mind that every case study is independent can should not fix to certain framework of “general ideas”. There should be no single national style can be taken as a paradigm or grand theory model for strategic studies. Researchers cannot draw a general conclusion from one single social or cultural setting out of their personal value or belief. The more researchers attempt to generalise phenomena from a specific case, the less credible and accurate their studies will be. 結論 Conclusions 誠如布思所說,「戰略研究如果脫離了區域研究的話,則不啻只是空想而已。」[22] 本質而言,「國家型態」是一整組總體戰略概念的總合,國家戰略不但源此而生,[23] 「國家型態」對於一國之戰略思想與行動,以及因其所產生的有關戰略選項之信念,也有重要的影響力。因此,「國家型態」在戰略研究上具有兩種基本角色:在一方面,「國家型態」提供了一獨特的分析環境,並會在實際上影響到整個研究的結果;在另一方面,「國家型態」也會影響到國家戰略當中行為者或是變因的互動關係。 Ken Booth may rightly discover that “strategic studies divorced from area studies is largely thinking in a void.” In essence, national style is a whole set of macro- 個人信貸strategic concepts, by which national strategy is to set up, and produced patterns of thought and action that result in a specific set of belief with respect to strategic options. Therefore, national style plays two fundamental roles in strategic studies. On one hand, it provides an analytical context, which affects the outcome of the whole research. On the other hand, it also influences the reactions of actors or variables of strategy. 有鑒於此,本文對於使用「國家型態」做為戰略研究的研究方法提出了四項重要結論。首先,正如同江憶恩所說,「目前戰略研究界充斥著美國種族中心論,而嚴重忽略了各國不同型態的戰略。」[24] 「國家型態」的研究方式應在事實上,能讓研究者了解到要避免美國中心主義的影響。[25] 其次,認為某特定國家的「國家型態」優於其他國家的想法是不正確的。研究戰略事務者必須要注意不要將個人標準或動機投射在自己的研究上,也不應預先設想某種國家傳統具有優越性。因為這樣的想法恐怕只會造成誤解或甚至是錯誤。第三,「國家型態」的影響力是重要的,但戰略事務通常都很複雜,不太可能光靠研究文化議題就可以解決所有的問題。研究者千萬不要認為「國家型態」就是最完善的研究方式,因為還有其他要素會影響到一國的戰略研究與安全政策。[26] 最後,目前的「國家型態」研究方式還需要再加強化,如藉助科學方法的分析,以及承認「國家型態」的演進性等等。也只有這樣,「國家型態」的研究者才能獲得更為有用且具實證性的研究成果。 Accordingly, this paper has made four major conclusions on the utility of national style approach in strategic studies. Firstly, just as Alastair Johnston complained, “strategic studies has been characterised by American ethnocentrism and a concomitant neglect of national style strategy”. Studies on national style will be useful because it calls attention to the dangers of ethnocentrism in strategic thought. Secondly, it is wrongly to argue that certain national style is to be endowed with superiority with the ignorance of the existence of other national styles. Students of strategic affairs should be cautioned not to project their standards and motives on researches and not to assume that certain national traditions are superior, since these assumptions may lead to misunderstanding or mistakes. Thirdly, understanding the influences of national style is important, but strategic issues are usually complicated and not likely to be defined solely in terms of analysing cultural deviation. Researchers should never jump into conclusion that national style approach is a comprehensive way for strategic studies. There are other elements which could affect the formulation of a state’s security policy and the implementation of its strategy. And finally, current national style approach needs more refinement, such as the assistance of scientific methods and the recognition on evolution of national style so that more useful and positive results for strategic researches can be likely required. 本文刊登於空軍學術雙月刊2007年6月號。 [1] Sheri Berman, “Norms and Culture in Political Analysis”, in Comparative Politics, January 2001, pp. 231-2 租房子50.  .

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          台塑化今年EPS降至6.2元 帶衰台塑三寶獲利減15% 【姚惠珍╱台北報導】蘋果日報 國際輕油行情日前以925美元創下新高紀錄,台塑化乙烯廠獲利面臨空前挑戰,再加上折舊計算方式改變新增130億元成本?酒店打工銗X,法人估台塑化今年獲利將衰退2成,每股純益下修至6.2元。台塑化衝勁暫歇,挹注三寶轉投資收益驟減,法人預估台塑、南亞及台 信用卡代償化今年獲利將衰退15%上下,EPS落於6.4元至7.2元區間。 輕油價飆稀釋獲利 台塑石化(6505)去年獲利以696億元創下新高,牽動三大股東台塑(1 酒店兼職301)、南亞(1303)及台化(1326)去年獲利同步刷新紀錄,日前台塑化董事會通過每股配發6.7元現金,挹注三寶484億元股利,突顯台塑化身為集團金雞母的角色。今年隨 代償著今年國際原油行情突破110美元,國際輕油行情站上925美元,加上伊朗乙烯第1季大量傾銷亞洲,使得新加坡、韓國等乙烯廠紛以減產因應,法人估,若輕油維持925美元,光乙烯成本達1370 買房子美元,幾乎與國內合約價同價,「輕油過高使得乙烯廠幾乎沒有獲利可言」。集團主管說,台塑化獲利主力來自煉油事業,石化原料對獲利貢獻約2至3成,以第1季來說,煉油價差比去年成長許多,乙烯廠毛利 術後面膜雖面臨壓縮,但第1季應會比去年同期持平甚至更好,「只要第2季乙烯廠獲利回升,今年獲利應不至大降。」 折舊費用多出130億 法人說,台塑化今年改變折舊計算方式,將折舊費用將多出130億元,相當於吃掉每股純益1.4 太平洋房屋元,加上輕油過高使台塑化今年獲利將遭擠壓,而由於台塑化扮演四寶火車頭的角色,一旦台塑化獲利衰退,也將牽動其餘三寶今年轉投資收益不如去年,「僅以折舊來看,台塑化今年貢獻台塑每股純益減少0.66元」,若中東乙烯廠能如 澎湖民宿期於第4季釋出數百萬公噸的新產能,將衝擊全球石化景氣,因此推估其餘三寶今年稅後純益將衰退1至2成。對此,台塑集團主管表示,今年三寶轉投資收益確實會因台塑化折舊改變而短少,但本業部分,三寶前3季因六輕四期新產能增加使得本業仍能成長空間,至於?租屋網?季則要看中東新產能投產狀況,若如期投產有可能會衝擊三寶本業1成左右,但若投產進度延後,則三寶今年獲利仍處「高原漫步期」。 .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 好房網  .

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          全台交通號誌明年起全換LED 【時報-記者侯雅燕台北報導】 為擴大LED產業內需市場,經 新成屋濟部能源局規劃明年開始 好房網,將交通號誌全面更換為LED燈,能源局局長葉 商務中心惠青說,全台目前仍有大約四十六萬盞交通號誌待更換,所 室內裝潢需經費約新台幣十到至二十億元。 「行政院二○○七年產業科技策略會 酒店經紀議」昨天揭幕,今年重點在於能源科技的發展,與政府輔導協助策略。政府現階段將以LED光 居酒屋電照明產業、冷凍空調產業及能源資通訊(EICT)產業等三個領域為主要研發對象,預計九六年至九七年將投入至少二 室內設計十億元經費,達成二○二五年內提高整體能源使用效率三三%的節能目標。 葉惠青表示,經濟部擬定節約能源策略?東森房屋媦苤A預定二○一二年全面淘汰白熾燈,並且逐步換用LED省電照明,目前能源局陸續與廠商達成共識,自二○一○年將開始執行白熾燈禁止生產?保濕面膜漪F策,未來不再生產白熾燈。 .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 濾桶  .

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          坐船遊淡水 日落前的浪漫時光 有人說淡水最浪漫的時刻,就是黃昏前日落時分,水上波光粼粼,散?住商房屋o著金黃色的光影,許多情人們?設計裝潢洵菬怜飽A等待著夕陽落下的美麗時光,這 房屋買賣是遊玩淡水不能錯過的景色之一,也是淡水即將邁入夜晚前的黃金?酒店工作}幕式。 在淡水,欣賞夕陽有不同角度、不同地點的選擇,如果你想要有三百六十 室內設計度的環繞視野,首推搭船出航的愜意之旅!目前淡水到八里、淡水到漁人碼頭等航班,大約有七家船運 澎湖民宿公司營運,您可挑選有執照的公司搭船,價位大約一百元左右,時間設定上,夏天建議拿捏在六點~六點半,從淡水老街出 房屋貸款發,到碼頭剛好可以欣賞白色情人橋的浪漫夜景,拍照留影後,與另一半坐在咖啡館啜飲一杯景觀咖啡,再搭淡水公車回捷運站,方便又輕鬆 節能燈具。 帶著度假輕鬆心情,把工作暫時拋開,來到淡水感受漁港的恬適氣息吧!不論是熱鬧的老街,還是寂靜的淡水河,都有不一樣的風情,值得您一來再 租房子來。 淡水老街之旅http://251.travel-web.com.tw/ 大台北旅遊網http://taipei.travel-web.com.tw/ 引用【大台灣旅遊網 TTNews 郭嘉琳】 長灘島  .

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          兩性關係(18 限):性愛分離玩3P, 勿傷人傷己 小真、小惠、小雅三名高校女生,輟學半年多,結伴援交,還專挑年輕軍官玩3P,今年被警方查獲; 警方發現三個女生對那檔事十分OPEN,加上收費低,主動傳簡訊拉客,在軍警圈十分火紅,曾與她們性交易的對象,陸、 保濕面膜海、空三軍都有。 真假世界 都三人行 女學生青春無敵,性愛世界大搞「三人行」,但3P可不是年輕人的專利,桃園縣一名66歲婦女,去年11月也因撇下中風丈夫,在工寮幽會小他17歲的情郎,並與 關鍵字排名情郎夫妻玩3P,被代父捉姦的兒子逮個正著。 兩起3P事件主角,老的老、小的小,都因挑戰社會不容的性禁忌,而鬧上「社會新聞」;不若國外,3P稀鬆平常,不僅A片中可見,現實生活更常上演。 名導演伍迪‧艾?個人信貸菾齙伄q影「情遇巴塞隆納」,劇情中的帥哥畫家,就直接了當向兩名女伴提出3P要求,好似天經地義。 譚崔學派 多P探索身體 「3P,行不行?」,樹德科技大學人類性學研究所長林燕卿說,一般人對「愛」的定義,多半認定是獨 房地產佔的,肉體必須忠貞不二,精神更不允許出軌。 但若從性學或宗教領域探討,會發現一對一性愛,不見得是唯一的定律。 例如德國譚崔學派,不被道德或規範條文綁死,採群體參與,身體無限開放的方式,探索身體達到歡愉的最大的潛能,「參與者接?裝潢疏鴘漱ㄓ@定都是年輕的胴體,而是打破美醜,皺紋、光滑等界限,平等地分享」,林燕卿說,在凡人眼中,譚崔練習的過程,就是一般的多P ,但他們卻是藉著群體行為,達到與靈界交會的目的。 感官雖High 忽視精神交流 「3P或多P,在現今社會被定位為負面、違 賣屋反社會善良風俗的性行為模式;不過翻閱歷史,古代皇帝縱慾酒池肉林情景,其實就是搞多P 」。 林燕卿說,單一對象的性行為,長年累月後,可能有人會覺得單調、無聊;認為需花很長時間磨合,才讓自己或對方達到滿意的高潮;3P或多P則很快就能達到探索身體的快感。 試過 澎湖民宿的人,或許有人會因感官刺激大於單一對象性愛,以致上癮了。 不過這種多重伴侶性行為,當下雖然很High,卻很容易淪為只重身體感覺,忽視精神層面的交流。 多P重鹹 被喻為麻辣鍋 中央大學教授何春蕤教授曾以食物來比喻性愛,認為「一對一」的性愛,就如同一道青菜豆腐湯,口味清淡;多 宜蘭民宿P雜交則是麻辣鍋,「重鹹ㄟ」,這是個人選擇與喜好。 林燕卿也說,過去大家也許只在觀賞A片時,看到演員做愛的情境,達到窺視的慾望;實地參與3P時,別人性愛的場景真實在眼前上演,「衝動得更快,有些人不自覺想要加入。」 比較過後 回到兩人世界 「3P是一種性樣態,不是性變態,只不過不見容於國內社會。 ARMANI」林燕卿強調,3P只是性選擇的一項,不見得適用每個人。 不過,試過3P的人多認為,「三人行」時,最好能夠「性愛分離」,免得玩不起,傷了自己又傷害別人。 【元氣周報/記者王昭月/報導】 .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 賣房子  .

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          瞧清楚月娘的臉 15年來最大滿月就在今夜 十五年來最大滿月就在今天晚上!只要天空晴朗,各地都能看到又大又圓的?翻譯社諞G,預估最大滿月時間在深夜十二點三十七分,如果 九份民宿天文迷錯過這次機會,可要再等八年,建議民眾可以好好把握今晚到明早 酒店工作的賞月時間,仔細看清楚月娘的臉 最近夜晚的天空很熱鬧,前陣子有雙星伴月?永慶房屋A天空掛上一張可愛的笑臉,而十五年來最大滿月即將在十二號深夜現身。台北市立天文科學館資訊研?澎湖民宿s處技士吳志剛表示,這次的滿月跟平常相比,大了六分之一,預估而最大滿月出現時間會落在十二號深夜十二點三十七分。 賣屋 「月球在十二月十二號的傍晚四點三十一分升起,一直到十三號早上六點五十八分從西方落下,在十三號零點三十七分是達到『望』 借貸,也就是滿月,在六點鐘的時候是接近『近地點』,所以如果要看到最圓的月亮的話,是在零點三十七分,然後從這段到六點鐘期間,我們看到的月亮是 買房子最大的。」 吳志剛指出,這次滿月剛好是月球通過接近地球的『近地點』,此外滿月發生在午夜前後,剛好會在台灣正上空,所以看起來距離比較近,另外配合上月球通過的 租屋網緯度,也接近台灣,綜合這幾個因素成立,才出現十五年來最大的一次滿月,如果錯這次欣賞超級大滿月的機會,天文迷可要等到八年後,2016年的11月14號,才有機會在看到大滿月的盛況。 租屋網  .

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          會疼人的男人,有什麼特點呢? 會疼人的男人,有什麼特點呢? l 成熟張愛玲論: 丈夫應比妻子大15歲或20歲,這樣才懂得照顧體貼妻子。 某女歌唱家嫁了個有才華的美國老頭,氣色變得越來越好,孩子也一個又一個地生,她很幸福,因為習慣了依偎和撒嬌,因為那個男 九份民宿人成熟,會疼人,所以,會疼人的男人,第一要點一定是不孩子氣,成熟可依偎,至於該大太太多少歲那是次要的。 l 細心: 你會分辨出妻子的16種不同的微笑嗎? l 溫柔: 澎湖民宿 梁朝偉那樣深情迷離的眼神,你有嗎? l 貌似教育: 陳凱歌嚴肅地對赤足下樓的陳紅美人說:“地板很涼,要穿鞋子!” l 抱: 男人自以為抱著太太上床浪漫,其實,女人更喜歡你抱著她轉圈。 清境 l 服務: 一位女同事常常抒情地倚穿回憶,曾經有個上海男友,每次總是默默地為她剝蝦,再看她優雅地咀嚼,咽下,擦嘴,淺笑還有一個鏡頭揮之不去,就是有一次,她鞋濕了,他用電吹風專心地為她忙碌著。 l 以德服怨: 因為小吵, 汽車美容妻子躺在床上賭氣,丈夫坐在床沿認錯,她不領情,用屁股一撞,丈夫摔在地上,不疼,丈夫自嘲一笑,起身,仍然為她拉了拉被角,熄了燈,再輕輕地帶上門出去。 l 像劉儀偉: 在廚房裡忙碌著,下了廚後出鍋,上盤,叫一聲“老婆你先嘗嘗!” l 洗車 呵護: 雙手圍她的雙手,呵氣。 l 額頭相踫: 輕輕刮一下她的鼻子,用手背輕滑她的粉臂,此時無聲勝有聲。 l 耳語: 女性的耳朵對於低音會產生很大又很快的反應,即使在白天雙方有磨擦,試著在晚上撥通電話給她,一切都會好起來,修飾 鍍膜你的嗓音,說話太大聲女人不會欣賞。 l 聆聽: 這是一種美德,鼓勵妻子吹枕邊風,不要太煩,實在不想聽了,吻她的唇。 l 克服三句重話: 有一項研究顯示,夫妻間每說一句消極的話,就需要說六句積極的話才能夠把它彌補過來,所以切忌重話傷人。 翻譯社 l 經典重話有三: --難道我對你不夠好嗎?--算我對不起,可以了吧?--行了吧? l 重視三個動作: 輕撫她的頭髮,為她拭淚,扶其腰,哪怕是熊腰。 l 送別: 女人喜歡這種情景,憂傷,但很美,哪怕你討厭逛街,不想奉陪,但如果送她到路口,揮揮手,她也會感動的。 結婚 l 逗她: 張藝謀拿手好戲,是讓你感動,馮曉剛拿手好戲,是讓你開心,好丈夫是個異常,如果你會逗她,她就離不開你。 l 有關數字: 你記得結婚紀念日嗎?你記得岳母的年齡嗎?你記得太太的生日嗎?她的三圍是多少?體重呢? l 背一句臺詞:我很心疼 適當的時候,適當的 信用卡代償場合,脫口而出,像瓊瑤劇裡的男主角。 [疼人]是很感性的一件事, 一句話,一個動作,一些細節,甚至一個眼神,一絲微笑,一行淚水找對一個人疼愛,其實也是在疼愛自己,所以,我們都來好好[疼]一生。 戴晨志 .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 小額信貸  .

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  • Apr 11 Wed 2012 06:24
  • 皈依

          皈依 皈依包含共皈依與不共皈依兩種。何謂共皈依?共皈依即是皈依 上師 、皈依佛、皈依法,以及皈依僧。 不共皈依是指皈依自性、皈依護法。皈依自性即是不共皈依,不共皈依是深層的皈依,只有真正密宗行者才能皈依,在皈依 花蓮旅遊後以自性能用的力量,祈請空行及護法作密乘羯摩事業,這不共皈依是非常重要的,他能真正的得到法性生命,離開凡夫宿命。因為一般人都會讓宿命 花蓮民宿給控制,惟有不共皈依後才能改變宿命上的因果。 還有一層就是密皈依,這是證悟明點性後的問題,是俱生的現象,非言說可明白的。 一般皈依的原因有: 一 吉安民宿、  希予所求而來,為滿諸願而來。 二、  為消災延壽治病卻災而來。 三、  為求財寶富裕一生而來。 四、  仰慕師德為求知見,深研佛法而來。 五、&nbs 花蓮住宿p; 久修卻不具利益及頓悟,為求安心尋最上法則而來。 六、  好奇心想一探究竟,以世俗想而來。 七、  業緣成熟朋友牽引而來。 八、  具正信想,了脫生死明心見性,利澤眾生?花蓮民宿A利澤自己而來。 皈依的原因有許多,當然也有許多原因,就如一般人的想法千奇百怪,但大致上不脫離這八大原則。 皈依後如何修持呢?一般世間如果員工對公司沒有信心,便會對公司無法盡全力工作,以致公司業績不彰,產量減 期貨少,這樣只會造成公司與自己的損失。還有就是自己的問題,做事時總不盡全力,偷懶摸魚瞎混等死,只要穿著水水,裝作垂垂,等著領薪水,這樣的人不但是公司的損失,更是自己的損失,真是損人又不利己。 修行也是一樣,不能對傳承不具信心,也不可偷懶摸魚, 酒店經紀欺上瞞下,瞞天過海,有修無修都一樣,反正 上師 會加持嘛,管他的。這麼不負責的態度,這還是修行者嗎?這對不起傳承 上師 ,更對不起自己,豈不是「將生死放兩旁,利益擺中央」,這是非常要不得,並且不負責任的作法。 皈依後要每天祈請傳承來照顧法性(內在的)生 租屋網命,不要光顧世俗的凡命,這就像陽光、空氣、水對植物一樣重要。所以不要讓靈性枯竭,就要常憶念及祈請,這是極其重要的,好好照顧法性,惟有祈請能辦到,不要讓靈性枯竭了,好好的做好共皈依,再進而達到不共皈依,最後達密皈依及最後成佛的受用皈依,不要再混吃等死,清醒吧!不要再做 房屋仲介一個「活教徒」,而不是「佛教徒」,真正做好的才是 上師 的弟子,否則這都是掛名的,就是 上師 不開除你,你也自己被自己開除了,大家振作起來,真正朝法性生命邁進吧! .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 買屋網  .

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          【風華婚禮即期播放 】迎娶隊伍抵達,準備接招 8點10分,巷口鞭炮響起,迎娶隊伍比預期中還早抵達,讓我們有點手忙腳亂,為了要配合我們女方還沒做好準備,老弟故意慢點出門迎接,約 21世紀房屋仲介莫5分鐘後,媒人催促著,老弟在老爸帶領下,雙手捧紅漆喜盤,上面放著兩個大蜜柑(橘),象徵吉祥,迎接他的姐夫下 酒店兼職車,新郎手持捧花下車後,露出他那招牌的緊張表情,準備迎接三關挑戰。 (只要一緊張就會出現這表情...) 這時我媽還在樓上梳頭, 澎湖民宿忘了提醒姐妹們即將進行逞罰的高跟鞋還放在樓上鞋櫃裡忘了拿下樓,反正一切的一切我只能在新娘房裡空等待,無法露面,超想參與... 姊妹們半推半 租屋網退的準備出招,二姐果然比較帶種,披頭就說『這是老妹特別交代的,一共只有三個考題,你就乖乖回答吧!否則紅包我也收啦...』現實的二姐【註:這些內容都是我看V8知道 代償的。】其他伴娘都只在一旁乾笑,根本不敢發聲,事後還興沖沖的說她們已經完成任務,幸好有證據,我要扣錢啦... 開始出招... 20070415風華喜宴迎娶題庫(一) 三寸金蓮 請問新娘的 買房子腳丫子多少(尺寸), 猜錯了,請新郎(或伴郎), 穿新娘的高跟鞋走三圈。 結果 答錯....處罰囉 20070415風華喜宴迎娶題庫(二) 情歌接唱 請新郎或伴郎準備2首有喜氣的情歌(副歌即可)證明新郎 房地產對新娘的感情,唱錯或不會唱的到方,請伴郎罰伏地挺身30下! 結果 太緊張 亂唱一通....由伴郎代替處罰囉!順便減肥 20070415風華喜宴迎娶題庫(三) 浪漫情話 請新郎大喊新娘的名字並說我愛你,直到新娘聽到為止 吳哥窟! 結果 最簡單的一題....今天的老公特別不要臉... 這段『浪漫情話』的內容,婚攝特別貼心幫我們錄音起來放在婚禮紀錄MV的開頭,超有感覺.... 經歷三個簡單到不行的關卡,新郎終於進入新娘家中,本來想出更難的題目,但是怕那天?室內裝潢ㄗ鴞悀膜w經滿臉出油,一身狼狽,拍照不好看,於是作罷.... 由媒人帶領新郎進入新娘房進行最後一關迎娶動作--求婚,終於娶得『美嬌娘』了(自誇) 接下來就是感性的拜別儀式,記的準備衛生紙....(續...) 【註】以上婚禮紀錄由TED掌鏡、梳妝為DO 代償RIS 。  .

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          新化蘆葦曼陀林樂團 新化蘆葦曼陀林樂團新化蘆葦曼陀林樂團 時間:8/29(五) 19:30/自由入場 地點 西裝外套:南區服務中心演藝廳 「新化蘆葦曼?房屋買賣L樂團」的創立,最初是因為蘆葦發展中心康文榮先生 訂做禮服想開發障礙者的藝術潛能,這份用心與善意,也立刻得到了奇美曼陀林樂 襯衫團、奇美許文龍董事長及奇美醫院梁安億副院長的支持。雖然學習弦樂的困難仍是蘆葦的?酒店打工臚l無法克服的,但曼陀林音樂的種子已從老師、義工們身上散播出去,在新化發芽生根。 本樂團一直秉持 景觀設計著創辦宗旨,以關懷社會弱勢、提升社區文化為目標,除多次參與關懷老人與身心障礙者的慈善演出之外,也配合社區楊逵 買屋文學館、水與綠嘉年華等活動,2007年更受邀參與總統府前「文學市集」的活動表演。 今年夏天,我們結合了那拔國小的小小生力軍,希望?婚禮佈置z過曼陀林樂音,傳承新化的藝文傳統。這次的曲目包括東西方名曲、台灣民謠等,更感謝府城「點心擔合唱團」的熱情參與,豐富了我們的音樂內容,期待您與 建築設計我們一同來分享這個溫馨美好的夜晚。 .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 辦公室出租  .

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          套房投資與套房規劃之重要性! 為何套房投資規劃如此重要,要把套房規劃把在這摸前面,(套房投資裡有說到 從 投資套房=>套房規劃=>套房設計=> 套房裝潢=>套房出租or套房代管or套 面膜房包租=>甚至到套房出售) 在決定了要投資套房之後,接下來的重點就是套房規劃了,不管是要買現成的 或是要自己施工改成套房都?信用貸款眸楫`重套房規劃…,那麼,何謂:套房規劃? 簡單的說:在學校附近,套房規劃對象族群為上班族就是不恰當,這淺顯易懂。換言之在商圈(辦公大樓、醫院 結婚)附近規劃學生套房也是不恰當!既然這麼簡單幹嘛還要去做專業套房規劃諮詢? 因為: 1.套房物件本身適合的套房規劃方式,對應到該地區的需求,進而套房客戶?西服熙]定。 2.套房裝潢工程款的多寡,進而套房設計費用的取捨。(例如:一間五坪租6千、一間十坪租1萬,但是規劃成本也不一樣)。 3.複合式區域(如:逢甲)的套房規劃大小,相對?酒店兼職釣魽角u程款”,對象及客層族群,進而不同的投報率(學生也有消費能力之分)。 4.因地區不同,客戶屬性也不同。套房規劃方式以及物件選擇、整體評估,皆會有所不同。 5.套房設計(坪數、動線、採光 開幕活動、電器設備、管線預留……等等) 6.套房裝潢(例如:風格、材料、客群類型不同…等等的 。就像普普風跟地中海風就不太一樣) 7.套房出租的方便性(上列幾點其實,就可以決定你的套房好不好出租了。) 由於?房屋買賣g幅關係,接下來各篇裡面詳述: 簡單的說,有事前做好套房規劃評估。可以少掉後面很多的麻煩,照著順序走下去即可一帆風順。很多投資客都是到了後面的階段才來請教前面階段的問題,通常都會很費功夫的。希望大家可以互相交流意 seo見!問問題不用收錢的喔^^ 團隊聯絡人 陳SIR 0921-868-595 Super21-台中租套房,套房出租及套房裝潢-台中住宿的套房投資開發團隊,年輕人創業,希望能帶給台中一個全新的套房出租及相關服務。有任何需要在台中租套房,在台中住宿的朋友們。歡迎與 會場佈置我們連絡,或至我們的官網了解更多在台中的套房資訊,另提供台中網頁設計,網路行銷服務。  www.super21.com.tw (Super21強世投資開發) .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 土地買賣  .

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          抗氧化,抗老化, 你準備好了嗎? 「老化」的問題一直是人類相當關注的焦點,因為它是無法避免的。 目前發現老化與「過氧化--自由基過多」息息相關。自由基很不穩定,很容易和周遭的分子反應,再使得原本安 seo定的分子變成自由基.攻擊細胞。 只要白由基一時大量產生或抗氧化系統的量不足時,就無法完全消除自中基。這些抗氧化系統會因我們情緒、 西裝外套壓力、年歲漸增、代謝機能衰退、免疫系統失調、飲貪不均衡而不足,使得身體無法及時清除自由基。自由基與許多疾病或症狀有關,包括:肌膚乾燥、脫水、粗?訂做禮服W、彈性及光潤的消退。引起動脈粥狀硬化、動脈阻塞,進而造成高血壓、腦中風及心肌梗塞。癌症白內障、視力退化、青光眼等。糖尿病自體免疫疾病:類風濕性關節炎、紅斑性狼 烤肉瘡等。造成巴金森氏症、阿滋海默症過敏疾病 均衡的飲食中必需適當的攝取蛋白質,因為酵素(包括抗氧化酵素)是蛋白質,合成時需要靠大量的胺基酸;再來就是由食物中適當的攝取維生素及各種元 關鍵字行銷素等對抗氧化有幫助的成分。抗氧化物質在降低疾病的發生率上所顯示的前景是樂觀。平日注意一些生活習慣也是很重要的,例如:防曬避免劇烈運動遠離放射線避免抽煙、喝酒少吃油炸與加工食品避免吃過飽多攝?ARMANI馱捄M蔬果,以獲得抗氧化物質;抗氧化物質的天然來源如下: 維生素A:胡蘿蔔、菠菜、花椰菜、牛奶、奶油、乳酪、肝臟、紫菜,鰻魚等。s-胡蘇蔔素:洪蘿蔔、菠菜、南瓜、海帶、地瓜、芒果、花椰菜等黃綠色蔬菜水果中都有相當 辦公室出租豐富的含量,它主安是合成維他命A的前驅物質。維他命C:水果中的草莓、奇異果、芭樂、檸檬、花椰菜、青椒、辣椒、苦瓜、瓜類、油菜、菠菜、柑橘類含量較豐富。維他命E:各種堅果類、甘藍菜、小麥胚芽、鰻魚、植物油、杏仁、花生仁、大豆、 酒肉朋友菠菜、花椰菜、辣椒等。硒:海產類、腰子、肝臟、小麥胚芽,小麥麩、鮪魚、洋蔥、番茄、綠花椰菜等。鋅:肉類、肝臟、海鮮(尤其是牡蠣)、小麥胚芽、啤酒酵母、南瓜子、蛋等。 值得大家注意的是,不管是吃天然食物或是維他命,最好能夠同時吃很多種,不要單?室內設計W地依賴一種抗氧化物.以免過量或是不均衡,這樣得到的健康效果會更好。 只要在生活、飲食上多注意一點,想更有年經、健康、有活刀的身體其實一點也不難,能使生活更有品質。 老化不是疾病,只是一個過程而已,這個過程,要快、要慢都是可以控制與調節的。 新聞來源:Kin 信用貸款gNet  .

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          海角七號的103個領悟 海角七號的103個領悟 (轉文) 1. 電吉他是易碎品, 使用請小心 2. 從台北騎機車到恆春大概是一首歌的時間 3. 月琴和貝斯的差別只是兩條線 4. 小朋友彈琴會忽快忽慢 5. 水蛙這種動物是一妻多夫制 6. 鼻子撞到OK ?要貼 X 型 7. 小米酒是最好的春藥 8. 鎮代表通常都開賓士 9. 搖鈴鼓每場演唱會都用的上, 值得學 10.交通警察找你麻煩其實是想和你交朋友 11.推銷員 給 建築設計人家試喝的杯子 都是不用洗 用同一個的 12.男人討論事情 女人不準插嘴 更不能發出 嘖嘖 聲 13.千萬別在團練室講電話 會被罵 14.到醫院只要向櫃檯說:請問一下,那個... 其餘的都不用說就可以知道答案 15.原住民乾杯都是整瓶的!! 16.老人家心肝不是鐵打的,回答問題要謹慎思考別讓老人家傷心 17.吹口琴和彈bass還不都一樣是Do Re Mi 會吹口琴 訂做禮服就一定會彈bass 18.打鼓要放感情下去打 19.賣香腸的會幫你顧小孩 20.騎機車檳榔掉下去就不要撿了, 很危險 21.業務員什麼才藝都要會 22.機車行老闆都住在機車行樓上 23.不用向黑手化緣, 成功機率很低 24.坐船很無聊, 只能寫寫信 25.Rocker 脾氣都不太好 26.台北是屬於叫做操的人的母親所擁有的.(台北 x 你媽的) 27.郵差做久了, 聽力會減退 信用卡代償 28.郵差可以自己規劃送信路線 29.失戀以後可以再活六十年以上 30.從台灣坐船到日本要七天 31.從台灣坐船到日本路上會遇到烏魚 32.在人群中戴白毛線帽比較醒目 33.飯店清潔工都很會講日文 34.原住民的老婆都是公主 35.下雨過後一定會有彩虹 36.沒有靈感時泡在水中沒用 37.生了三胞胎後身材會變很好 38.會彈月琴就有可能是國寶 39.日據時代地址 烤肉沒人還記得 40.把腳打石膏的老人扶出來.一定要把他丟在門口的板凳上 41.在教堂彈鋼琴.一定要把譜壓在琴鍵上 42.郵局機車原來也是敞篷的 43.普通機車貼上膠帶也可以代替郵差的公用車 44.酒後可以亂性~隔天就會在一起了討厭的雙方 會變成愛上對方 45.敲門沒人回應~可以拿鞋子 砸破對方家的大門玻璃 46.有女生醉倒在家門口 先抱回自己房間 就對了 47.郵差不爽送信 可以偷拆信件看看 房屋買賣 48.黑人模特兒去海邊玩水還是會曬黑的 49.機車行都是不裝電鈴的 50.鎮代表的興趣通常都是吵架.打架.殺人.放火 51.鎮代表都是捲捲頭, 穿著通常都是台客裝 52.日本人真的什麼都敢吃! 53.日本人聽不懂台語 54.看起來很倒楣就不要在街上亂晃 55.日本女生酒品不好 吵她 她會海k你 56.日本人唸信速度很慢 57.靠腰並不是指幼兒肚子餓在哭 58.LP 並不是英文字縮寫 59.原住民珠珠有專屬功能, 西裝外套不要買錯 60.跟小朋友訴苦, 他會親你額頭 61. 六十年前信紙品質很好, 容易保存 62.夏x飯店大廳可以試喝小米酒 63.做業務沒有下班時間 64.六十年前就開始流行師生戀 65.原來警察都常常無聊到也可以幫忙送信 66.鎮民代表隨扈有兩人 67.日本女生酒量不見得很好 68.在台灣,所有山和海都已經BOT 69.放火燒掉整個鎮後, 年輕人就不得不回來災後重建了 70.外國模特兒拍照歡迎觀眾合照 71.喜歡一個 燒烤人不見得要留他下來, 跟他走也可以. 72.代班郵差要自備交通工具 73.臨時代班郵差可以開賓士 74.恆春城門小巴開不過 (福花註:西門小巴過不去,東門沒有路讓你開過去,南門是圓環, 北門小巴過得去,大巴沒辦法.) 75.客家人很會做業務 76.搭電梯從一樓到五樓,哼一首歌就到了 77.原來菩薩前世是土虱 78.灌藍高手髮色已經不流行 79.茂伯看過灌藍高手 80.日本人會唱野玫瑰 81.機車行老闆很機車 82.恆春地區郵件量很大 辦公室出租 83.送信送到不爽可以去海邊喝啤酒 84.原來恆春都是人才 85.原來在台灣拍電影也可以賺錢 86.主席都不准年輕人搭電梯 87.聽春天吶喊不要亂丟垃圾 88.去機車行時,如果沒開用鼓棒敲門就好 89.鎮民代表是鎮長最佳候選人 90.講粗話的人不一定是壞人 91.演唱會暖場也要準備安可曲 92.當霹靂小組老婆會跑掉 93.要做鎮長要先學蓋印章 94.所有的演唱會都要在太陽下山後開始 95.清潔工可以在廁所抽煙,被發現都沒事 96.送信給老人家, ARMANI 輕輕放在人旁邊就好, 不要嚇到人 97.愛情的力量, 小卒仔有時嘛會變英雄 98.只要有心, 沒有送不到的信 99.喝醉酒第二天早上要離開時, 記得跟一夜情對方家長打個招呼 100.可以拍續集 (各位覺得呢?) 101.開場白講一句"X!XXX的台北",這樣才夠算本土! 102.太久沒收到信,記得去郵差家找一找! 103.喝醉酒月亮會對你笑   .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 永慶房屋  .

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